(Get-DnsServerResourceRecord -Computername dc1.myold.school.edu -ZoneName "myold.school.edu" -Name "SteelyDan").RecordData

DNS, list forward lookup zones – see also DNS wildcard, search by

$zones = Get-DnsServerZone -ComputerName DC1
$zones | ? {$_.ZoneName -like "*.edu"} | select ZoneName, ZoneType | sort ZoneName

DNS, list zone transfers for forward lookup zones – see also DNS wildcard, search by

This gets lists for all DCs in the domain you’re in because DCs’ zone transfers are not necessarily the same for all the Forward Lookup Zones

# get all domain servers
$DomainName = (Get-ADDomain).DNSRoot
$DCList = Get-ADDomainController -Filter * -Server $DomainName | sort HostName
$i=0; $domainCount = $DCList.Count

$result = @()
foreach $DC in $DCList) {
    $i++; $domainServerPercentTxt = ($i/$domainCount).ToString("P")
    Write-Host "domain $i of $($domainCount) ($domainServerPercentTxt): $($DC.HostName)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    $zonesThisDC = Get-DnsServerZone -ComputerName $DC.HostName
    # only look at forward zones and no stubs
    $forwardZonesNotStub = $zonesThisDC | ? {$_.IsReverseLookupZone -eq $false -and $_.ZoneType -ne "Stub"}
    $j = 0; $zoneCount = $forwardZonesNotStub.Count
    foreach ($zone in $forwardZonesNotStub) {
        $j++; $zonePercentTxt = ($j/$zoneCount).ToString("P")
        Write-Host " domain # $i, zone $j of $($zoneCount) ($zonePercentTxt): $($zone.ZoneName)" -ForegroundColor Magenta
        $NotifyServersList = $zone.NotifyServers -join(", ")
        $SecondaryServerList = $zone.SecondaryServers -join(", ")
        $result += New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
            "DomainName" = $DC.HostName
            "ZoneName" = $zone.ZoneName
            "ZoneType" = $zone.ZoneType
            "Notify" = $zone.Notify
            "NotifyServersList" = $NotifyServersList
            "NotifyServers" = $zone.NotifyServers
            "SecureSecondaries" = $zone.SecureSecondaries
            "SecondaryServerList" = $SecondaryServerList
        }
    }
}

# display results
$result = $result | select DomainName, ZoneName, ZoneType, Notify, NotifyServersList, SecureSecondaries, SecondaryServerList
$result | ogv

DNS, reverse DNS entries for range of IPs – see also DNS wildcard, search by

this gets range from 192.168.116.0 through 192.168.117.254

$IPFirstATwoOctets = "191.168"
$result = @()
$3rdOctetBegin = 116
$3rdOctetEnd = 117
$3rdOctetCount = $3rdOctetEnd - $3rdOctetBegin + 1
$4thOctetCount = 254
$k=0
for ($i=$3rdOctetBegin; $i -le $3rdOctetEnd; $i++) {
    $k++ # count our 3rd octed, starting with 1 - even though we might start at some higher number up to 254
    $percent3rdOctetTxt = ($k/$3rdOctetCount).ToString("P0") # no decimal
    for ($j=1; $j -le 254 ;$j++) {
        $percent4thOctetTxt = ($j/$4thOctetCount).ToString("P1") # 1 decimal
        $IP = "$IPFirstATwoOctets.$i.$j"
        $IPPadZeroes = ($IP.Split(".") | % {$_.PadLeft(3,"0")}) -join "." # to sort
        $messagePrefix = "$k of $($3rdOctetCount) 3rd octet ($percent3rdOctetTxt), $j of $($4thOctetCount) ($percent4thOctetTxt) 4th octet:"
        try {
            $NameHost = (Resolve-DnsName $IP -ErrorAction Stop).NameHost
            Write-Color -Text $messagePrefix, "$IP ", "found!" -Color Gray, Cyan, Green
            $result += New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                "IP" = $IP
                "IPPadZeroes" = $IPPadZeroes
                "NameHost" = $NameHost
            }
        } catch {
            Write-Color -Text $messagePrefix, "$IP ", "not found!" -Color Gray, Blue, Red -BackGroundColor Black, Black, DarkYellow
            $NameHost = "missing"
            $result += New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                "IP" = $IP
                "IPPadZeroes" = $IPPadZeroes
                "NameHost" = "missing"
            }
        }
    }
}
$result = $result | select IP, IPPadZeroes, NameHost | sort IPPadZeroes
$result | ogv

or for a whole zone

$dnsServer = "dns1"
$reverseZones = Get-DnsServerZone -ComputerName $dnsServer | ?{$_.ZoneName -like "*in-addr.arpa"}
$i=0; $reverseZonesCount = $reverseZones.Count
$DnsRecords = @()
foreach ($zone in $reverseZones) {
    $i++; $percentZonesCountTxt = ($i/$reverseZonesCount).ToString("P")
    Write-Host "Processing Zone $i of $reverseZonesCount ($percentZonesCountTxt) - " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline
    $zoneName = $zone.ZoneName.ToString()
    $zoneNameSectionCount = $zoneName.Split(".") | Measure-Object
    $extracted_part = $zoneName.Split(".")[0..1]
    if ($zoneNameSectionCount.Count -eq 4) {
        [array$extracted_part)
        $zonePrefix = ($extracted_part -join ".")
        Write-Host "$i of $($count): $($zone.ZoneName) = $zonePrefix" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        # adjust hard-coded first two octets of the IP below to get the right zone
        $ptrRecords = Get-DnsServerResourceRecord -ComputerName $dnsServer -ZoneName 123.456.in-addr.arpa | ? {$_.RecordType -eq "PTR"} #| select HostName, RecordData
        $j=0; $countPtrRecords = $ptrRecords.Count
        foreach ($ptrRecord in $ptrRecords) {
        $j++; $percentPtrRecordsTxt = ($j/$countPtrRecords).ToString("P")
        $ipLastHalfArray = $ptrRecord.HostName.Split(".")
            [array]::Reverse($ipLastHalfArray)
        $ipLastHalf = ($ipLastHalfArray -join ".")
        $ip = "$($zonePrefix).$($ipLastHalf)"
        Write-Host "$i of $reverseZonesCount ($percentZonesCountTxt)" -ForegroundColor Blue -NoNewline
        Write-Host "  $j of $countPtrRecords $($percentPtrRecordsTxt): $ip $($ptrRecord.RecordData.PtrDomainName.TrimEnd("."))" -ForegroundColor Green
        $DnsRecords += [PSCustomObject]@{
                IP = $ip
                DomainName = $ptrRecord.RecordData.PtrDomainName.TrimEnd(".")
            }
        }
    } else {
        $zonePrefix = $zoneName
        Write-Host "$i of $($count): $($zone.ZoneName) = $zonePrefix" -ForegroundColor red
    }
} $DnsRecords = $DnsRecords | Sort-Object -Property IP | select IP, DomainName

DNS, search for records by wildcard – see DNS wildcard, search by

DNS, set – see DNS, assign name to IP address (“A” record)

DNS wildcard, search by – see also DNS, reverse DNS entries for range of IPs, DNS, list zone transfers for forward lookup zones

$dnsNamePattern = "HC-Web*"
$dnsZone = "hc.sawbones.edu" # Define the DNS zone and DNS server
$nsRecords = Resolve-DnsName -Name $dnsZone -Type NS # Query for authoritative DNS servers for the zone
$dnsServer = $nsRecords | Select-Object -ExpandProperty NameHost -First 1 # Extract the first authoritative DNS server
$dnsRecords = Get-DnsServerResourceRecord -ZoneName $dnsZone -ComputerName $dnsServer # Query all DNS records in the zone from the specified DNS server
$filteredRecords = $dnsRecords | ? {$_.HostName -like $dnsNamePattern} # Filter for names starting with "HC-vANESWeb"
if ($filteredRecords) { # Output the results
    Write-Host "DNS entries matching '$dnsNamePattern':" -ForegroundColor Green
    $filteredRecords | Format-Table -Property HostName, RecordType, RecordClass -AutoSize
} else {
    Write-Host "No DNS entries found matching '$dnsNamePattern'." -ForegroundColor Red
}

–E–

–F–

firewall ports - see ports, firewall, see connect to a server on a port, test

firewall, configure for domains and trusts

are ports 53, 135, 445 & 3268 enabled?

Get-NetFirewallPortFilter -PolicyStore ActiveStore `
    | ? {($_.LocalPort -eq "53") -or ($_.LocalPort -eq "135") -or ($_.LocalPort -eq "389") -or ($_.LocalPort -eq "445") -or ($_.LocalPort -eq "3268 ")} `
    | Sort-Object LocalPort, Protocol | Format-Table -Property *

or more simply:

Get-NetFirewallPortFilter -PolicyStore ActiveStore `
    | ? {($_.LocalPort -eq "53") -or ($_.LocalPort -eq "135") -or ($_.LocalPort -eq "389") -or ($_.LocalPort -eq "445") -or ($_.LocalPort -eq "3268")} `
    | Sort-Object LocalPort, Protocol | Format-Table Protocol, LocalPort, InstanceID

But not sure this is the right approach. This seems more centered on services rather than ports...

FQDN (fully qualified domain name) for a computer

[System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName(($env:computerName)).HostName

–G–

gateway, set – see – IP address, mask, default gateway – assign to computer you‘re on

–H–

–I–

IP Address of the PC/Server from where you run command

internal, returns several fields

Get-NetIPAddress | select IPAddress, InterfaceAlias, AddressFamily | ? {$_.AddressFamily -eq "IPv4" -and $_.InterfaceAlias -notlike "Loopback*"} | ft -a

if you just want to return the IPv4

(Get-NetIPAddress | ? {$_.AddressFamily -eq "IPv4" -and $_.InterfaceAlias -notlike "Loopback*"}).IPAddress

external - often need to include ”-UseBasicParsing“ parameter if ”Internet Explorer’s first-launch configuration is not complete“ or you’ll get an error

(Invoke-WebRequest -uri "http://ifconfig.me/ip" -UseBasicParsing).Content

external with latitude/longitude, city, state, zip info

Invoke-RestMethod -Uri ("http://ipinfo.io/"+(Invoke-WebRequest -uri "http://ifconfig.me/ip" -UseBasicParsing).Content)

This might give error:

Invoke-WebRequest : The response content cannot be parsed because the Internet Explorer engine is not available, or Internet Explorer's first-launch configuration is not complete. Specify the UseBasicParsing parameter and try again.

IP address, mask, default gateway – assign to computer you‘re on

$interfaceName = (Get-NetAdapter)[0].Name
$ipAddress = "172.26.107.102" # sample IP address
$prefixLength = 24 # 255.255.255.0
# Extract the first three octets and append .1 for the default gateway
$defaultGateway = ($ipAddress -replace "\.\d+$", ".1")

IP address, assign to DNS name – see DNS, assign name to IP address

IP addresses, reserved

IP, find for DNS entry – see DNS, resolve name to IP address, reverse IP lookup

IP of computer, find name for

Get-ADComputer -property * -filter {ipv4address -eq "123.45.67.89"} | select CN, SamAccountName, CanonicalName, DNSHostName, ObjectGUID

IP, external, yours

(Invoke-WebRequest ifconfig.me/ip).Content.Trim()

IP, regular expression to extract

if ($message -match "\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b") {$IPAddress = $matches[0]}

where $matches is an automatic array that‘s populated by the regex (if at least one match is found). In this case, if there‘s ore than one, we just take the first one.

IP, set – see – IP address, mask, default gateway – assign to computer you‘re on

IP with port, extract IP

Start with an array of $events, each with an IP immediately followed by a port number and a date/time

$events = @(
    [PSCustomObject]@{IP = "123.45.67.89:59796"; TimeCreated = "2024-04-04 08:30:00"},
    [PSCustomObject]@{IP = "123.45.67.89:59798"; TimeCreated = "2024-04-04 11:15:00"},
    [PSCustomObject]@{IP = "123.45.67.99:59799"; TimeCreated = "2024-04-04 10:11:00"},
    [PSCustomObject]@{IP = "123.45.67.99:59800"; TimeCreated = "2024-04-04 11:10:00"}
)

# Convert "TimeCreated" to actual DateTime objects
$events | % {$_.TimeCreated = Get-Date $_.TimeCreated}

# Extract the IP component (before the ":")
$IPwithoutPort = $events | % {
    $IPcomponent = ($_.IP -split ":")[0]
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        IP = $IPcomponent
        TimeCreated = $_.TimeCreated
    }
}
 
# Group by IP component and find the most recent TimeCreated
$groupByIPmostRecent = $IPwithoutPort | group -Property IP | % {$_.Group | sort -Property TimeCreated -Descending | select -First 1}

foreach ($mostRecent in $groupByIPmostRecent){
    $IP = $mostRecent.IP
    $mostRecent = $mostRecent.TimeCreated
    $daysAgo = New-TimeSpan -Start $mostRecent -End $now # Calculate the number of days between the most recent date/time and now
    $integerDaysAgo = [math]::Truncate($daysAgo.Days)
    $color=$null
    $color = switch ($integerDaysAgo) {
        0 {"Red"}
        1 {"yellow"}
        Default {"Green"}
    }
    Write-Host "most recent Event ID 2889 from $IP was at $mostRecent ($integerDaysAgo days ago)" -ForegroundColor $color
}

IP, reverse lookup – see reverse IP lookup

IPs for servers, list – see server IPs, list

–J–

–K–

–L–

LDAP server, find

nslookup -type=SRV _ldap._tcp.elephant.com

usually just lists domain controllers

–M–

MAC addresses associated with DHCP addresses - see DHCP addresses/MAC addresses

mask, set – see – IP address, mask, default gateway – assign to computer you‘re on

–N–

network connectivity for PCs – see connectivity to a bunch of PCs in an OU, test

• Test-Connection command to test network connectivity to PCs/server (same as ping)
• Test-NetConnection command to test network connectivity to PCs/server over a specific port

–O–

–P–

ping alternative

if all you want to do is determine whether there’s a DNS entry without determining whether you get a response

Resolve-DnsName weirdServer -Type A

if also want to determine whether you get a response

• Test-Connection command to test network connectivity to PCs/server (same as ping)
• Test-NetConnection command to test network connectivity to PCs/server over a specific port

ports, common

• 53 – DNS (Domain Name System) queries
• 80 – HTML
• 1433 – SQL
• 3389 – Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

port, connect to a server over, can I? – see connect to a server on a port, test

ports, established (used) – see also connections (TCP) and listening ports

Get-NetTCPConnection -State Established

seems to sort descending by LocalPort

Provides detailed information about TCP connections, including local and remote addresses, ports, connection state, and owning process ID.

ports, firewall

Get-NetFirewallPortFilter -PolicyStore ActiveStore | ? {$_.LocalPort -ne "any"} | Sort-Object LocalPort, Protocol | Format-Table -Property *

–Q–

–R–

reverse IP lookup

$IP = "123.123.123.123"

sometimes this works

Resolve-DnsName $IP

but this seems to work more consistently

$server = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByAddress($IP).Hostname

this gets more but you must have access to the DNS server

Get-DnsServerResourceRecord -ZoneName "hardknocks.edu" -ComputerName "dns3.hardknocks.edu" | ? {$_.RecordData.IPv4Address -eq $IP}

–S–

server IPs, list

also lists OU; excludes servers with no IPs

$servers | sort {[regex]::Replace( $_.IPv4Address, "\d+", {$args.Value.PadLeft(3, "0") } )} | ? {$_.IPv4Address -ne $null} | select Name, IPv4Address, @{n="OU";e={$OU = ($_.DistinguishedName.Substring($_.DistinguishedName.IndexOf(",OU=")+1).Substring(0,$_.DistinguishedName.Substring($_.DistinguishedName.IndexOf(",OU=")+1).IndexOf(",DC=")) -replace "OU=", "").Split(",");[array]::Reverse($OU);$OU -join "/"}} |ogv

–T–

TCP connections and listening ports – see connections (TCP) and listening ports, also ports, established (used)

Test-Connection to test network connectivity using ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo requests (commonly known as “ping”). It does not directly test connectivity over specific ports. – see also Test-NetConnection to test connectivity to a specific port on a remote host, connectivity to a bunch of PCs in an OU, test

Test-Connection 123.45.67.89

Test-NetConnection to test connectivity to a specific port on a remote host. – see also Test-Connection to test network connectivity using ICMP does not directly test connectivity over specific ports, connectivity to a bunch of PCs in an OU, test

The default port used for TCP port connectivity checks is 80 (HTTP).

Test-NetConnection -ComputerName "MutantNinjaTurtles" -Port 1433

will try to communicate with server over port 1433 (SQL Server)

–U–

–V–

–W–

–X–

–Y–

–Z–

zone transfers (DNS) – see DNS, list zone transfers for forward lookup zones